Cardiovascular Diseases — Incidence of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in Mexican Americans
Citation(s)
Burke JP, Hazuda HP, Stern MP Rising trend in obesity in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites: is it due to cigarette smoking cessation? Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000 Dec;24(12):1689-94.
Haffner SM, Dunn JF, Katz MS Relationship of sex hormone-binding globulin to lipid, lipoprotein, glucose, and insulin concentrations in postmenopausal women. Metabolism. 1992 Mar;41(3):278-84.
Haffner SM, Gingerich RL, Miettinen H, Stern MP Leptin concentrations in relation to overall adiposity and regional body fat distribution in Mexican Americans. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1996 Oct;20(10):904-8.
Haffner SM, Miettinen H, Gaskill SP, Stern MP Decreased insulin action and insulin secretion predict the development of impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetologia. 1996 Oct;39(10):1201-7.
Haffner SM, Miettinen H, Gaskill SP, Stern MP Decreased insulin secretion and increased insulin resistance are independently related to the 7-year risk of NIDDM in Mexican-Americans. Diabetes. 1995 Dec;44(12):1386-91.
Haffner SM, Miettinen H, Mykkänen L, Stern MP Leptin concentrations are associated with higher proinsulin and insulin concentrations but a lower proinsulin/insulin ratio in non-diabetic subjects. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1998 Sep;22(9):899-905.
Haffner SM, Miettinen H, Stern MP Are risk factors for conversion to NIDDM similar in high and low risk populations? Diabetologia. 1997 Jan;40(1):62-6.
Haffner SM, Miettinen H, Stern MP Insulin secretion and resistance in nondiabetic Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites with a parental history of diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996 May;81(5):1846-51.
Haffner SM, Miettinen H, Stern MP Nondiabetic Mexican-Americans do not have reduced insulin responses relative to nondiabetic non-Hispanic whites. Diabetes Care. 1996 Jan;19(1):67-9.
Haffner SM, Miettinen H, Stern MP Relatively more atherogenic coronary heart disease risk factors in prediabetic women than in prediabetic men. Diabetologia. 1997 Jun;40(6):711-7.
Haffner SM, Mykkänen L, Festa A, Burke JP, Stern MP Insulin-resistant prediabetic subjects have more atherogenic risk factors than insulin-sensitive prediabetic subjects: implications for preventing coronary heart disease during the prediabetic state. Circulation. 2000 Mar 7;101(9):975-80.
Haffner SM, Stern MP, Hazuda HP, Mitchell BD, Patterson JK Cardiovascular risk factors in confirmed prediabetic individuals. Does the clock for coronary heart disease start ticking before the onset of clinical diabetes? JAMA. 1990 Jun 6;263(21):2893-8.
Haffner SM, Stern MP, Watanabe RM, Bergman RN Relationship of insulin clearance and secretion to insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic Mexican Americans. Eur J Clin Invest. 1992 Mar;22(3):147-53.
Haffner SM, Tuttle KR, Rainwater DL Lack of change of lipoprotein (a) concentration with improved glycemic control in subjects with type II diabetes. Metabolism. 1992 Feb;41(2):116-20.
Hazuda HP, Mitchell BD, Haffner SM, Stern MP Obesity in Mexican American subgroups: findings from the San Antonio Heart Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991 Jun;53(6 Suppl):1529S-1534S.
Hunt KJ, Resendez RG, Williams K, Haffner SM, Stern MP, Hazuda HP All-cause and cardiovascular mortality among Mexican-American and non-Hispanic White older participants in the San Antonio Heart Study- evidence against the "Hispanic paradox". Am J Epidemiol. 2003 Dec 1;158(11):1048-57.
Pugh JA, Tuley MR, Hazuda HP, Stern MP The influence of outpatient insurance coverage on the microvascular complications of non-insulin-dependent diabetes in Mexican Americans. J Diabetes Complications. 1992 Oct-Dec;6(4):236-41.
Stern MP, Mitchell BD, Haffner SM, Hazuda HP Does glycemic control of type II diabetes suffice to control diabetic dyslipidemia? A community perspective. Diabetes Care. 1992 May;15(5):638-44.
Stern MP, Wei M Do Mexican Americans really have low rates of cardiovascular disease? Prev Med. 1999 Dec;29(6 Pt 2):S90-5. Review.
Stern MP, Williams K, González-Villalpando C, Hunt KJ, Haffner SM Does the metabolic syndrome improve identification of individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease? Diabetes Care. 2004 Nov;27(11):2676-81. Erratum in: Diabetes Care. 2005 Jan;28(1):238.
Stern MP, Williams K, Haffner SM Identification of persons at high risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus: do we need the oral glucose tolerance test? Ann Intern Med. 2002 Apr 16;136(8):575-81.
Stern MP Kelly West Lecture. Primary prevention of type II diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 1991 May;14(5):399-410. Review.
Wei M, Gaskill SP, Haffner SM, Stern MP Waist circumference as the best predictor of noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) compared to body mass index, waist/hip ratio and other anthropometric measurements in Mexican Americans--a 7-year prospective study. Obes Res. 1997 Jan;5(1):16-23.
Wei M, Gonzalez C, Haffner SM, O'Leary DH, Stern MP Ultrasonographically assessed maximum carotid artery wall thickness in Mexico City residents and Mexican Americans living in San Antonio, Texas. Association with diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1996 Nov;16(11):1388-92.
Wei M, Mitchell BD, Haffner SM, Stern MP Effects of cigarette smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, and hypertension on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality in Mexican Americans. The San Antonio Heart Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1996 Dec 1;144(11):1058-65.
Wei M, Stern MP, Haffner SM Serum leptin levels in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites: association with body mass index and cigarette smoking. Ann Epidemiol. 1997 Feb;7(2):81-6.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
