Cardiovascular Diseases — Epidemiology of Atherosclerosis
Citation(s)
Au YP, Bren ND, Kottke BA A rapid apolipoprotein E radioimmunoassay using solid-phase staphylococcus protein. Use of pooled plasma as a secondary standard. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1986 Jul 16;138(1):455-62.
Au YP, Hallaway BJ, Kottke BA Use of a quality-control plasma sample to decrease interassay variation in radioimmunoassays of apolipoprotein A-I. Clin Chem. 1986 Jul;32(7):1394-7.
Boehnke M, Moll PP, Kottke BA, Weidman WH Partitioning the variability of fasting plasma glucose levels in pedigrees. Genetic and environmental factors. Am J Epidemiol. 1987 Apr;125(4):679-89.
Boehnke M, Moll PP Identifying pedigrees segregating at a major locus for a quantitative trait: an efficient strategy for linkage analysis. Am J Hum Genet. 1989 Feb;44(2):216-24.
Boerwinkle E, Chakraborty R, Sing CF The use of measured genotype information in the analysis of quantitative phenotypes in man. I. Models and analytical methods. Ann Hum Genet. 1986 May;50(Pt 2):181-94.
Boerwinkle E, Sing CF Bias of the contribution of single-locus effects to the variance of a quantitative trait. Am J Hum Genet. 1986 Jul;39(1):137-44.
Boerwinkle E, Sing CF The use of measured genotype information in the analysis of quantitative phenotypes in man. III. Simultaneous estimation of the frequencies and effects of the apolipoprotein E polymorphism and residual polygenetic effects on cholesterol, betalipoprotein and triglyceride levels. Ann Hum Genet. 1987 Jul;51(Pt 3):211-26.
Boerwinkle E, Visvikis S, Welsh D, Steinmetz J, Hanash SM, Sing CF The use of measured genotype information in the analysis of quantitative phenotypes in man. II. The role of the apolipoprotein E polymorphism in determining levels, variability, and covariability of cholesterol, betalipoprotein, and triglycerides in a sample of unrelated individuals. Am J Med Genet. 1987 Jul;27(3):567-82.
Bren ND, Rastogi A, Kottke BA Quantification of human plasma apolipoproteins C-I, C-II, and C-III by radioimmunoassays. Mayo Clin Proc. 1993 Jul;68(7):657-64.
Carlson TL, Kottke BA Effect of 25-hydroxycholesterol and bile acids on the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in Hep G2 cells. Biochem J. 1989 Nov 15;264(1):241-7.
Crews DE, Kamboh MI, Bindon JR, Ferrell RE Genetic studies of human apolipoproteins. XVII: Population genetics of apolipoprotein polymorphisms in American Samoa. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1991 Feb;84(2):165-70.
Davignon J, Gregg RE, Sing CF Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and atherosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis. 1988 Jan-Feb;8(1):1-21. Review.
Eichner JE, Kuller LH, Ferrell RE, Meilahn EN, Kamboh MI Phenotypic effects of apolipoprotein structural variation on lipid profiles. III. Contribution of apolipoprotein E phenotype to prediction of total cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in the healthy women study. Arteriosclerosis. 1990 May-Jun;10(3):379-85.
Ferrell RE, Kamboh MI, Majumder PP, Valdez R, Weiss KM Genetic studies of human apolipoproteins. XIII. Quantitative polymorphism of apolipoprotein C-III in the Mayans of the Yucatán Peninsula. Hum Hered. 1990;40(3):127-35.
Hallaway BJ, Rastogi A, Kottke BA Apolipoprotein B quantified by particle-concentration fluorescence immunoassay. Clin Chem. 1992 Dec;38(12):2387-91.
Hasstedt SJ, Moll PP Estimation of genetic model parameters: variables correlated with a quantitative phenotype exhibiting major locus inheritance. Genet Epidemiol. 1989;6(2):319-32.
Kamboh MI, Ferrell RE, Kottke BA Expressed hypervariable polymorphism of apolipoprotein (a). Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Nov;49(5):1063-74.
Kamboh MI, Ferrell RE Genetic studies of human apolipoproteins. XV. An overview of IEF immunoblotting methods to screen apolipoprotein polymorphisms. Hum Hered. 1990;40(4):193-207. Review.
Kamboh MI, Kelly LJ, Ferrell RE Genetic studies of human apolipoproteins: XIV. A simple agarose isoelectric focusing gel method for apolipoprotein E phenotyping. Electrophoresis. 1990 Apr;11(4):314-8.
Kamboh MI, Weiss KM, Ferrell RE Genetic studies of human apolipoproteins. XVI. APOE polymorphism and cholesterol levels in the Mayans of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Clin Genet. 1991 Jan;39(1):26-32.
Kaprio J, Ferrell RE, Kottke BA, Kamboh MI, Sing CF Effects of polymorphisms in apolipoproteins E, A-IV, and H on quantitative traits related to risk for cardiovascular disease. Arterioscler Thromb. 1991 Sep-Oct;11(5):1330-48.
Kaprio J, Ferrell RE, Kottke BA, Sing CF Smoking and reverse cholesterol transport: evidence for gene-environment interaction. Clin Genet. 1989 Oct;36(4):266-8.
Kottke BA, Friedlaender JS, Zerba KE, Sing CF Lipid and apolipoprotein levels in six Solomon Island societies differ from those in a U.S. white population. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1990 Apr;81(4):483-91.
Lavie CJ, Gau GT, Squires RW, Kottke BA Management of lipids in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Mayo Clin Proc. 1988 Jun;63(6):605-21. Review.
Moll PP, Sing CF, Lussier-Cacan S, Davignon J An application of a model for a genotype-dependent relationship between a concomitant (age) and a quantitative trait (LDL cholesterol) in pedigree data. Genet Epidemiol. 1984;1(4):301-14.
Moll PP, Sing CF, Williams RR, Mao SJ, Kottke BA The genetic determination of plasma apolipoprotein A-I levels measured by radioimmunoassay: a study of high-risk pedigrees. Am J Hum Genet. 1986 Mar;38(3):361-72.
Pérusse L, Moll PP, Sing CF Evidence that a single gene with gender- and age-dependent effects influences systolic blood pressure determination in a population-based sample. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Jul;49(1):94-105.
Rebbeck TR, Turner ST, Sing CF Sodium-lithium countertransport genotype and the probability of hypertension in adults. Hypertension. 1993 Oct;22(4):560-8.
Reilly SL, Ferrell RE, Kottke BA, Kamboh MI, Sing CF The gender-specific apolipoprotein E genotype influence on the distribution of lipids and apolipoproteins in the population of Rochester, MN. I. Pleiotropic effects on means and variances. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Dec;49(6):1155-66. Erratum in: Am J Hum Genet 1992 Oct;51(4):942.
Reilly SL, Ferrell RE, Kottke BA, Sing CF The gender-specific apolipoprotein E genotype influence on the distribution of plasma lipids and apolipoproteins in the population of Rochester, Minnesota. II. Regression relationships with concomitants. Am J Hum Genet. 1992 Dec;51(6):1311-24.
Reilly SL, Kottke BA, Sing CF The effects of generation and gender on the joint distributions of lipid and apolipoprotein phenotypes in the population at large. J Clin Epidemiol. 1990;43(9):921-40.
Sing CF, Boerwinkle EA Genetic architecture of inter-individual variability in apolipoprotein, lipoprotein and lipid phenotypes. Ciba Found Symp. 1987;130:99-127. Review.
Sing CF, Davignon J Role of the apolipoprotein E polymorphism in determining normal plasma lipid and lipoprotein variation. Am J Hum Genet. 1985 Mar;37(2):268-85.
Sing CF, Moll PP Genetics of atherosclerosis. Annu Rev Genet. 1990;24:171-87. Review.
Templeton AR, Boerwinkle E, Sing CF A cladistic analysis of phenotypic associations with haplotypes inferred from restriction endonuclease mapping. I. Basic theory and an analysis of alcohol dehydrogenase activity in Drosophila. Genetics. 1987 Oct;117(2):343-51.
Turner ST, Michels VV Sodium-lithium countertransport and hypertension in Rochester, Minnesota. Hypertension. 1991 Aug;18(2):183-90.
Turner ST, Rebbeck TR, Sing CF Sodium-lithium countertransport and probability of hypertension in Caucasians 47 to 89 years old. Hypertension. 1992 Dec;20(6):841-50.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
