NCT00395928 - Clinical Trial References

Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.

Citation(s)

Alam M, Samad BA, Wardell J, Andersson E, Höglund C, Nordlander R
Acute effects of smoking on diastolic function in healthy participants: studies by conventional doppler echocardiography and doppler tissue imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2002 Oct;15(10 Pt 2):1232-7.
Klein AL, Tajik AJ
Doppler assessment of pulmonary venous flow in healthy subjects and in patients with heart disease. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1991 Jul-Aug;4(4):379-92. Review.
Oh JK, Appleton CP, Hatle LK, Nishimura RA, Seward JB, Tajik AJ
The noninvasive assessment of left ventricular diastolic function with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1997 Apr;10(3):246-70.
Voutilainen S, Kupari M, Hippeläinen M, Karppinen K, Ventilä M, Heikkilä J
Factors influencing Doppler indexes of left ventricular filling in healthy persons. Am J Cardiol. 1991 Sep 1;68(6):653-9.

Chronic and Acute Effect of Smoking on the Left and Right Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Function in Young Healthy Smokers

Clinical trial NCT00395928 - References