Cardiovascular Diseases — CHD Risk, Behavioral Stress and Reproductive Hormones
Citation(s)
Adler N, Matthews K Health psychology: why do some people get sick and some stay well? Annu Rev Psychol. 1994;45:229-59. Review.
Allen MT, Stoney CM, Owens JF, Matthews KA Hemodynamic adjustments to laboratory stress: the influence of gender and personality. Psychosom Med. 1993 Nov-Dec;55(6):505-17.
Davis MC, Matthews KA Cigarette smoking and oral contraceptive use influence women's lipid, lipoprotein, and cardiovascular responses during stress. Health Psychol. 1990;9(6):717-36.
Davis MC, Matthews KA Do gender-relevant characteristics determine cardiovascular reactivity? Match versus mismatch of traits and situation. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1996 Sep;71(3):527-35.
Matthews KA, Berga SL, Owens JF, Flory JD Effects of short-term suppression of ovarian hormones on cardiovascular and neuroendocrine reactivity to stress in women. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1998 May;23(4):307-22.
Matthews KA, Gump BB, Owens JF Chronic stress influences cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses during acute stress and recovery, especially in men. Health Psychol. 2001 Nov;20(6):403-10.
Matthews KA, Owens JF, Allen MT, Stoney CM Do cardiovascular responses to laboratory stress relate to ambulatory blood pressure levels?: Yes, in some of the people, some of the time. Psychosom Med. 1992 Nov-Dec;54(6):686-97.
Matthews KA, Rodin J Pregnancy alters blood pressure responses to psychological and physical challenge. Psychophysiology. 1992 Mar;29(2):232-40.
Matthews KA Myths and realities of the menopause. Psychosom Med. 1992 Jan-Feb;54(1):1-9. Review.
Owens JF, Matthews KA, Everson SA Cognitive function effects of suppressing ovarian hormones in young women. Menopause. 2002 Jul-Aug;9(4):227-35.
Owens JF, Stoney CM, Matthews KA Menopausal status influences ambulatory blood pressure levels and blood pressure changes during mental stress. Circulation. 1993 Dec;88(6):2794-802.
Patterson SM, Matthews KA, Allen MT, Owens JF Stress-induced hemoconcentration of blood cells and lipids in healthy women during acute psychological stress. Health Psychol. 1995 Jul;14(4):319-24.
Räikkönen K, Matthews KA, Flory JD, Owens JF Effects of hostility on ambulatory blood pressure and mood during daily living in healthy adults. Health Psychol. 1999 Jan;18(1):44-53. Erratum in: Health Psychol 1999 May;18(3):228.
Saab PG, Matthews KA, Stoney CM, McDonald RH Premenopausal and postmenopausal women differ in their cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to behavioral stressors. Psychophysiology. 1989 May;26(3):270-80.
Stoney CM, Owens JF, Guzick DS, Matthews KA A natural experiment on the effects of ovarian hormones on cardiovascular risk factors and stress reactivity: bilateral salpingo oophorectomy versus hysterectomy only. Health Psychol. 1997 Jul;16(4):349-58.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
