Cardiovascular Diseases — Lupus Cohort--Thrombotic Events and Coronary Artery Disease
Citation(s)
Bermas BL, Petri M, Berzofsky JA, Waisman A, Shearer GM, Mozes E Binding of glycoprotein 120 and peptides from the HIV-1 envelope by autoantibodies in mice with experimentally induced systemic lupus erythematosus and in patients with the disease. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1994 Sep;10(9):1071-7.
Bluemke DA, Petri M, Zerhouni EA Femoral head perfusion and composition: MR imaging and spectroscopic evaluation of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and at risk for avascular necrosis. Radiology. 1995 Nov;197(2):433-8.
Casciola-Rosen L, Rosen A, Petri M, Schlissel M Surface blebs on apoptotic cells are sites of enhanced procoagulant activity: implications for coagulation events and antigenic spread in systemic lupus erythematosus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Feb 20;93(4):1624-9.
Johnson MJ, Petri M, Witter FR, Repke JT Evaluation of preterm delivery in a systemic lupus erythematosus pregnancy clinic. Obstet Gynecol. 1995 Sep;86(3):396-9.
Petri M, Allbritton J Fetal outcome of lupus pregnancy: a retrospective case-control study of the Hopkins Lupus Cohort. J Rheumatol. 1993 Apr;20(4):650-6.
Petri M, Lakatta C, Magder L, Goldman D Effect of prednisone and hydroxychloroquine on coronary artery disease risk factors in systemic lupus erythematosus: a longitudinal data analysis. Am J Med. 1994 Mar;96(3):254-9.
Petri M, Robinson C Oral contraceptives and systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1997 May;40(5):797-803. Review.
Petri M Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: an acquired cause of venous and arterial hypercoagulability. Mt Sinai J Med. 1997 Nov;64(6):376-82. Review.
Petri M Hopkins Lupus Pregnancy Center: 1987 to 1996. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1997 Feb;23(1):1-13. Review.
Petri M Hydroxychloroquine use in the Baltimore Lupus Cohort: effects on lipids, glucose and thrombosis. Lupus. 1996 Jun;5 Suppl 1:S16-22. Review.
Petri M Musculoskeletal complications of systemic lupus erythematosus in the Hopkins Lupus Cohort: an update. Arthritis Care Res. 1995 Sep;8(3):137-45.
Petri M Pathogenesis and treatment of the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Med Clin North Am. 1997 Jan;81(1):151-77. Review.
Petri M Systemic lupus erythematosus and pregnancy. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1994 Feb;20(1):87-118. Review.
Sullivan KE, Wooten C, Goldman D, Petri M Mannose-binding protein genetic polymorphisms in black patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1996 Dec;39(12):2046-51.
Utset TO, Golden M, Siberry G, Kiri N, Crum RM, Petri M Depressive symptoms in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: association with central nervous system lupus and Sjögren's syndrome. J Rheumatol. 1994 Nov;21(11):2039-45.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
