Cardiovascular Diseases — Predictors of Perioperative Cardiac Morbidity
Citation(s)
Browner WS, Li J, Mangano DT In-hospital and long-term mortality in male veterans following noncardiac surgery. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group. JAMA. 1992 Jul 8;268(2):228-32.
Halm EA, Browner WS, Tubau JF, Tateo IM, Mangano DT Echocardiography for assessing cardiac risk in patients having noncardiac surgery. Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Sep 15;125(6):433-41. Erratum in: Ann Intern Med 1997 Mar 15;126(6):494.
Hollenberg M, Mangano DT Therapeutic approaches to postoperative ischemia. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group. Am J Cardiol. 1994 Mar 10;73(6):30B-33B.
Krupski WC, Layug EL, Reilly LM, Rapp JH, Mangano DT Comparison of cardiac morbidity between aortic and infrainguinal operations. Study of Perioperative Ischemia (SPI) Research Group. J Vasc Surg. 1992 Feb;15(2):354-63; discussion 364-5.
Krupski WC, Layug EL, Reilly LM, Rapp JH, Mangano DT Comparison of cardiac morbidity rates between aortic and infrainguinal operations: two-year follow-up. Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group. J Vasc Surg. 1993 Oct;18(4):609-15; discussion 615-7.
Leung JM, Goehner P, O'Kelly BF, Hollenberg M, Pineda N, Cason BA, Mangano DT Isoflurane anesthesia and myocardial ischemia: comparative risk versus sufentanil anesthesia in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The SPI (Study of Perioperative Ischemia) Research Group. Anesthesiology. 1991 May;74(5):838-47.
Leung JM, O'Kelly BF, Mangano DT Relationship of regional wall motion abnormalities to hemodynamic indices of myocardial oxygen supply and demand in patients undergoing CABG surgery. Anesthesiology. 1990 Nov;73(5):802-14.
Leung JM The role of hemodynamics in perioperative myocardial ischemia. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 1992 Winter;30(1):63-79. Review.
Mangano DT, Browner WS, Hollenberg M, London MJ, Tubau JF, Tateo IM Association of perioperative myocardial ischemia with cardiac morbidity and mortality in men undergoing noncardiac surgery. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group. N Engl J Med. 1990 Dec 27;323(26):1781-8.
Mangano DT, Hollenberg M, Fegert G, Meyer ML, London MJ, Tubau JF, Krupski WC Perioperative myocardial ischemia in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery--I: Incidence and severity during the 4 day perioperative period. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia (SPI) Research Group. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991 Mar 15;17(4):843-50.
Mangano DT, Layug EL, Wallace A, Tateo I Effect of atenolol on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity after noncardiac surgery. Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group. N Engl J Med. 1996 Dec 5;335(23):1713-20. Erratum in: N Engl J Med 1997 Apr 3;336(14):1039.
Mangano DT, Wong MG, London MJ, Tubau JF, Rapp JA Perioperative myocardial ischemia in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery--II: Incidence and severity during the 1st week after surgery. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia (SPI) Research Group. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991 Mar 15;17(4):851-7.
Mangano DT Dynamic predictors of perioperative risk. Study of Perioperative Ischemia (SPI) Research Group. J Card Surg. 1990 Sep;5(3 Suppl):231-6. Review.
Mangano DT Myocardial ischemia following surgery: preliminary findings. Study of Perioperative Ischemia (SPI) Research Group. J Card Surg. 1990 Sep;5(3 Suppl):288-93. Review.
O'Kelly BF, Tubau JF, Knight AA, London MJ, Verrier ED, Mangano DT Measurement of left ventricular contractility using transesophageal echocardiography in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia (SPI) Research Group. Am Heart J. 1991 Oct;122(4 Pt 1):1041-9.
Simon JA, Browner WS, Mangano DT Predictors of smoking relapse after noncardiac surgery. Study of Perioperative Ischemia (SPI) Research Group. Am J Public Health. 1992 Sep;82(9):1235-7.
Smith RC, Leung JM, Keith FM, Merrick S, Mangano DT Ventricular dysrhythmias in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: incidence, characteristics, and prognostic importance. Study of Perioperative Ischemia (SPI) Research Group. Am Heart J. 1992 Jan;123(1):73-81.
Smith RC, Leung JM, Mangano DT Postoperative myocardial ischemia in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. S.P.I. Research Group. Anesthesiology. 1991 Mar;74(3):464-73.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
