Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic — Long-Term Results of DDD Pacing in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Citation(s)
Fananapazir L, Cannon RO 3rd, Tripodi D, Panza JA Impact of dual-chamber permanent pacing in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with symptoms refractory to verapamil and beta-adrenergic blocker therapy. Circulation. 1992 Jun;85(6):2149-61.
Fananapazir L, Epstein ND, Curiel RV, Panza JA, Tripodi D, McAreavey D Long-term results of dual-chamber (DDD) pacing in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Evidence for progressive symptomatic and hemodynamic improvement and reduction of left ventricular hypertrophy. Circulation. 1994 Dec;90(6):2731-42.
McDonald K, McWilliams E, O'Keeffe B, Maurer B Functional assessment of patients treated with permanent dual chamber pacing as a primary treatment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J. 1988 Aug;9(8):893-8.
Long-Term Results of DDD Pacing in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
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Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
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