NCT02456259 - Clinical Trial References

Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.

Citation(s)

Brass P, Hellmich M, Kolodziej L, Schick G, Smith AF
Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmarks for internal jugular vein catheterization. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jan 9;1:CD006962. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006962.pub2. Review.
Vernick WJ, Woo JY
Anesthetic considerations during minimally invasive mitral valve surgery. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2012 Mar;16(1):11-24. doi: 10.1177/1089253211434591. Epub 2012 Feb 22. Review.

Postoperative Patency of Internal Jugular Vein After Neck Cannula Insertion in Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery

Clinical trial NCT02456259 - References