Cardiac Disease — Personalization of CM Injection Protocols in Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography
Citation(s)
Ambrogi V, Pompeo E, Elia S, Pistolese GR, Mineo TC The impact of cardiovascular comorbidity on the outcome of surgery for stage I and II non-small-cell lung cancer. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2003 May;23(5):811-7.
Awai K, Hiraishi K, Hori S Effect of contrast material injection duration and rate on aortic peak time and peak enhancement at dynamic CT involving injection protocol with dose tailored to patient weight. Radiology. 2004 Jan;230(1):142-50.
Bae KT, Tran HQ, Heiken JP Uniform vascular contrast enhancement and reduced contrast medium volume achieved by using exponentially decelerated contrast material injection method. Radiology. 2004 Jun;231(3):732-6.
Bae KT Intravenous contrast medium administration and scan timing at CT: considerations and approaches. Radiology. 2010 Jul;256(1):32-61. doi: 10.1148/radiol.10090908. Review.
Basavaraju SR, Easterly CE Pathophysiological effects of radiation on atherosclerosis development and progression, and the incidence of cardiovascular complications. Med Phys. 2002 Oct;29(10):2391-403. Review.
Budoff MJ, Dowe D, Jollis JG, Gitter M, Sutherland J, Halamert E, Scherer M, Bellinger R, Martin A, Benton R, Delago A, Min JK Diagnostic performance of 64-multidetector row coronary computed tomographic angiography for evaluation of coronary artery stenosis in individuals without known coronary artery disease: results from the prospective multicenter ACCURACY (Assessment by Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography of Individuals Undergoing Invasive Coronary Angiography) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Nov 18;52(21):1724-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.07.031.
Fajardo LF, Stewart JR Coronary artery disease after radiation. N Engl J Med. 1972 Jun 8;286(23):1265-6.
Khakoo AY, Yeh ET Therapy insight: Management of cardiovascular disease in patients with cancer and cardiac complications of cancer therapy. Nat Clin Pract Oncol. 2008 Nov;5(11):655-67. doi: 10.1038/ncponc1225. Epub 2008 Sep 16. Review.
Kok M, Mihl C, Hendriks BM, Altintas S, Kietselaer BL, Wildberger JE, Das M Optimizing contrast media application in coronary CT angiography at lower tube voltage: Evaluation in a circulation phantom and sixty patients. Eur J Radiol. 2016 Jun;85(6):1068-74. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2016.03.022. Epub 2016 Mar 22.
Nijssen EC, Rennenberg RJ, Nelemans PJ, Essers BA, Janssen MM, Vermeeren MA, Ommen VV, Wildberger JE Prophylactic hydration to protect renal function from intravascular iodinated contrast material in patients at high risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (AMACING): a prospective, randomised, phase 3, controlled, open-label, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2017 Apr 1;389(10076):1312-1322. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30057-0. Epub 2017 Feb 21.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
