Brabrand M, Hallas J, Knudsen T Nurses and physicians in a medical admission unit can accurately predict mortality of acutely admitted patients: a prospective cohort study. PLoS One. 2014 Jul 14;9(7):e101739. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101739. eCollection 2014.
Brier J, Carolyn M, Haverly M, Januario ME, Padula C, Tal A, Triosh H Knowing 'something is not right' is beyond intuition: development of a clinical algorithm to enhance surveillance and assist nurses to organise and communicate clinical findings. J Clin Nurs. 2015 Mar;24(5-6):832-43. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12670. Epub 2014 Sep 19.
Centre for Clinical Practice at NICE (UK) Acutely Ill Patients in Hospital: Recognition of and Response to Acute Illness in Adults in Hospital [Internet]. London: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (UK); 2007 Jul. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK45947/
Fuhrmann L, Lippert A, Perner A, Østergaard D Incidence, staff awareness and mortality of patients at risk on general wards. Resuscitation. 2008 Jun;77(3):325-30. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2008.01.009. Epub 2008 Mar 14.
Görges M, Staggers N Evaluations of physiological monitoring displays: a systematic review. J Clin Monit Comput. 2008 Feb;22(1):45-66. Epub 2007 Dec 7. Review.
Henriksen DP, Brabrand M, Lassen AT Prognosis and risk factors for deterioration in patients admitted to a medical emergency department. PLoS One. 2014 Apr 9;9(4):e94649. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094649. eCollection 2014.
Kellett J, Emmanuel A, Deane B Who will be sicker in the morning? Changes in the Simple Clinical Score the day after admission and the subsequent outcomes of acutely ill unselected medical patients. Eur J Intern Med. 2011 Aug;22(4):375-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2011.03.005. Epub 2011 Apr 8.
Murray A, Kellett J, Huang W, Woodworth S, Wang F Trajectories of the averaged abbreviated Vitalpac early warning score (AbEWS) and clinical course of 44,531 consecutive admissions hospitalized for acute medical illness. Resuscitation. 2014 Apr;85(4):544-8. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.12.015. Epub 2013 Dec 21.
Schmidt T, Bech CN, Brabrand M, Wiil UK, Lassen A Factors related to monitoring during admission of acute patients. J Clin Monit Comput. 2017 Jun;31(3):641-649. doi: 10.1007/s10877-016-9876-y. Epub 2016 Apr 12.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
