Cancer — Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in Cancer Survivors.
Citation(s)
Arouca MA, Duarte TB, Lott DA, Magnani PS, Nogueira AA, Rosa-E-Silva JC, Brito LG Validation and cultural translation for Brazilian Portuguese version of the Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) and Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20). Int Urogynecol J. 2016 Jul;27(7):1097-106. doi: 10.1007/s00192-015-2938-8. Epub 2016 Jan 19.
Barber MD, Walters MD, Bump RC Short forms of two condition-specific quality-of-life questionnaires for women with pelvic floor disorders (PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7). Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Jul;193(1):103-13.
Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva Coordenação de Prevenção e Vigilância. Estimativa 2018: incidência de câncer no Brasil / Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva. Coordenação de Prevenção e Vigilância. Rio de Janeiro: INCA, 2017.
Rogers RG, Coates KW, Kammerer-Doak D, Khalsa S, Qualls C A short form of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12). Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2003 Aug;14(3):164-8; discussion 168. Epub 2003 Jul 25. Erratum in: Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2004 May-Jun;15(3):219.
Santana GW, Aoki T, Auge AP The Portuguese validation of the short form of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12). Int Urogynecol J. 2012 Jan;23(1):117-21. doi: 10.1007/s00192-011-1505-1. Epub 2011 Jul 28.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
