Cancer — Effect of an Acute Bout of Exercise on Smoking Satisfaction
Citation(s)
Taylor A, Katomeri M Walking reduces cue-elicited cigarette cravings and withdrawal symptoms, and delays ad libitum smoking. Nicotine Tob Res. 2007 Nov;9(11):1183-90.
Taylor AH, Ussher MH, Faulkner G The acute effects of exercise on cigarette cravings, withdrawal symptoms, affect and smoking behaviour: a systematic review. Addiction. 2007 Apr;102(4):534-43. Review.
Ussher MH, Taylor A, Faulkner G Exercise interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Oct 8;(4):CD002295. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002295.pub3. Review. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;1:CD002295.
West R, Baker CL, Cappelleri JC, Bushmakin AG Effect of varenicline and bupropion SR on craving, nicotine withdrawal symptoms, and rewarding effects of smoking during a quit attempt. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2008 Apr;197(3):371-7. Epub 2007 Dec 15.
Does an Acute Bout of Exercise Affect Smoking Satisfaction?
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
