Ruland CM, Slaughter L, Starren J, Vatne TM Children as design partners in the development of a support system for children with cancer. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2006;122:80-5.
Ruland CM, Starren J, Vatne TM Participatory design with children in the development of a support system for patient-centered care in pediatric oncology. J Biomed Inform. 2008 Aug;41(4):624-35. Epub 2007 Nov 13.
Slaughter LA, Ruland CM, Vatne TM Constructing an effective information architecture for a pediatric cancer symptom assessment tool. AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2006:1102.
Vatne TM, Finset A, Ørnes K, Ruland CM Application of the verona coding definitions of emotional sequences (VR-CoDES) on a pediatric data set. Patient Educ Couns. 2010 Sep;80(3):399-404. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2010.06.026.
Vatne TM, Ruland CM, Ørnes K, Finset A Children's expressions of negative emotions and adults' responses during routine cardiac consultations. J Pediatr Psychol. 2012 Mar;37(2):232-40. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsr074. Epub 2011 Sep 9.
Vatne TM, Slaugther L, Ruland CM How children with cancer communicate and think about symptoms. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2010 Jan-Feb;27(1):24-32. doi: 10.1177/1043454209349358. Epub 2009 Oct 15.
Supporting Patient Provider Communication for Children With Cancer and Congenital Heart Disease
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
