Cancer of the Larynx — Speech and Swallowing Characteristics of Patients After Laryngectomy and the Effect on Quality of Life
Citation(s)
* Maclean, J , Cotton, S., & Perry, A. (2009). Post-laryngectomy: it's hard to swallow: an Australian study of prevalence and self-reports of swallowing function after a total laryngectomy. Dysphagia, 24(2), 172-179. * Maclean, J., Cotton, S., & Perry, A. (2009). Dysphagia following a total laryngectomy: the effect on quality of life, functioning, and psychological well-being. Dysphagia, 24(3), 314-321. * McHorney, C. A., Robbins, J., Lomax, K., Rosenbek, J. C., Chignell, K., Kramer, A. E., & Bricker, D. E. (2002). The SWAL-QOL and SWAL-CARE outcomes tool for oropharyngeal dysphagia in adults: III. Documentation of reliability and validity. Dysphagia, 17(2), 97-114. * Platteaux, N., Dirix, P., Dejaeger, E., & Nuyts, S. (2010). Dysphagia in head and neck cancer patients treated with chemoradiotherapy. Dysphagia, 25(2), 139-152. * Kapila,M., Deore,N., Palav,R.S., Kazi,R.A., Shah,R.P., & Jagade,M.V.(2011). A brief review of voice restoration following total laryngectomy. Indian Journal of Cancer,48(1),99-104. * Rizzo,B.p.,Maronato,F.,Marchiori,C., Gava,A., &Da Mosto, M,C.(2008). Long-Term Quality of Life After Total Laryngectomy and Postoperative Radiotherapy Versus Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Laryngeal Preservation. The Laryngoscope.118,300-306 (2010). Total Laryngectomy.OtorhinolaryngologyMohebati,A. Mohebati,A & * Shah ,p .j , International Journal, 2(3), pp 207-214
Speech and Swallowing Characteristics of Patients After Laryngectomy and the Effect on Quality of Life
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
