Maffoni M, Argentero P, Giorgi I, Giardini A Healthcare professionals' perceptions about the Italian law on advance directives. Nurs Ethics. 2020 May;27(3):796-808. doi: 10.1177/0969733019878831. Epub 2019 Oct 20.
Maffoni M, Argentero P, Giorgi I, Giardini A Underneath the White Coat: Risk and Protective Factors for Palliative Care Providers in Their Daily Work. J Hosp Palliat Nurs. 2020 Apr;22(2):108-114. doi: 10.1097/NJH.0000000000000623.
Maffoni M, Argentero P, Giorgi I, Hynes J, Giardini A Healthcare professionals' moral distress in adult palliative care: a systematic review. BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2019 Sep;9(3):245-254. doi: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2018-001674. Epub 2019 Jan 12.
Maffoni M, Sommovigo V, Giardini A, Paolucci S, Setti I Dealing with ethical issues in rehabilitation medicine: The relationship between managerial support and emotional exhaustion is mediated by moral distress and enhanced by positive affectivity and resilience. J Nurs Manag. 2020 Jul;28(5):1114-1125. doi: 10.1111/jonm.13059. Epub 2020 Jun 23.
Zanatta F, Maffoni M, Giardini A Resilience in palliative healthcare professionals: a systematic review. Support Care Cancer. 2020 Mar;28(3):971-978. doi: 10.1007/s00520-019-05194-1. Epub 2019 Dec 6.
Wellness and Distress in Health Care Professionals Dealing With End of Life and Bioethical Issues (WeDistressHELL)
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
