Breastfeeding — Effect of Biological Nurturing Education to Pregnant Women on Breastfeeding Status
Citation(s)
Araban M, Karimian Z, Karimian Kakolaki Z, McQueen KA, Dennis CL Randomized Controlled Trial of a Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Intervention in Primiparous Women in Iran. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2018 Mar;47(2):173-183. doi: 10.1016/j.jogn.2018.01.005. Epub 2018 Feb 3.
Huang P, Yao J, Liu X, Luo B Individualized intervention to improve rates of exclusive breastfeeding: A randomised controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Nov;98(47):e17822. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000017822.
Huda MH, Chipojola R, Lin YM, Lee GT, Shyu ML, Kuo SY The Influence of Breastfeeding Educational Interventions on Breast Engorgement and Exclusive Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Hum Lact. 2022 Feb;38(1):156-170. doi: 10.1177/08903344211029279. Epub 2021 Jul 6.
Moraes GGW, Christoffel MM, Toso BRGO, Viera CS Association between duration of exclusive breastfeeding and nursing mothers' self-efficacy for breastfeeding. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2021 May 10;55:e03702. doi: 10.1590/S1980-220X2019038303702. eCollection 2021. English, Portuguese.
Omidi A, Rahmani S, Amini R, Karami M The effect of a planned lactation education program on the mother's breastfeeding practice and weight gain in low birth weight infants: a randomized clinical trial study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022 Jun 13;22(1):482. doi: 10.1186/s12884-022-04810-z.
Sayres S, Visentin L Breastfeeding: uncovering barriers and offering solutions. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2018 Aug;30(4):591-596. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000647.
von Salmuth V, Brennan E, Kerac M, McGrath M, Frison S, Lelijveld N Maternal-focused interventions to improve infant growth and nutritional status in low-middle income countries: A systematic review of reviews. PLoS One. 2021 Aug 18;16(8):e0256188. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256188. eCollection 2021.
Wang Y, Zhao T, Zhang Y, Li S, Cong X Positive Effects of Kangaroo Mother Care on Long-Term Breastfeeding Rates, Growth, and Neurodevelopment in Preterm Infants. Breastfeed Med. 2021 Apr;16(4):282-291. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2020.0358. Epub 2021 Feb 2.
Effect of Biological Nurturing Education to Pregnant Women on Breastfeeding Status
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
