Breastfeeding — Community Interventions to Improve Breastfeeding
Citation(s)
Agostoni C, Marangoni F, Giovannini M, Galli C, Riva E Prolonged breast-feeding (six months or more) and milk fat content at six months are associated with higher developmental scores at one year of age within a breast-fed population. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2001;501:137-41. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1371-1_17.
Alakaam A, Lemacks J, Yadrick K, Connell C, Choi HW, Newman RG Breastfeeding Practices and Barriers to Implementing the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding in Mississippi Hospitals. J Hum Lact. 2018 May;34(2):322-330. doi: 10.1177/0890334417737294. Epub 2017 Nov 20.
O'Hare C, Kuh D, Hardy R Association of Early-Life Factors With Life-Course Trajectories of Resting Heart Rate: More Than 6 Decades of Follow-up. JAMA Pediatr. 2018 Apr 2;172(4):e175525. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.5525. Epub 2018 Apr 2.
Schwarzenberg SJ, Georgieff MK; COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION Advocacy for Improving Nutrition in the First 1000 Days to Support Childhood Development and Adult Health. Pediatrics. 2018 Feb;141(2):e20173716. doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-3716. Epub 2018 Jan 22.
Community Interventions to Improve Breastfeeding Rate in African American Mothers
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
