Breast Feeding — Effect of Breast Milk Circadian Properties on Infant's Growth Parameters and Absorption of Nutrients
Citation(s)
Gidrewicz DA, Fenton TR A systematic review and meta-analysis of the nutrient content of preterm and term breast milk. BMC Pediatr. 2014 Aug 30;14:216. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-216.
Hahn-Holbrook J, Saxbe D, Bixby C, Steele C, Glynn L Human milk as "chrononutrition": implications for child health and development. Pediatr Res. 2019 Jun;85(7):936-942. doi: 10.1038/s41390-019-0368-x. Epub 2019 Mar 11.
Hampel D, Shahab-Ferdows S, Islam MM, Peerson JM, Allen LH Vitamin Concentrations in Human Milk Vary with Time within Feed, Circadian Rhythm, and Single-Dose Supplementation. J Nutr. 2017 Apr;147(4):603-611. doi: 10.3945/jn.116.242941. Epub 2017 Feb 15.
McNaughton L, Davies P The effects of a 16 week aerobic conditioning program on serum lipids, lipoproteins and coronary risk factors. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1987 Sep;27(3):296-302. No abstract available.
Ovali, F 2018. "0-1 yas bebeklerde vitamin, mineral ve eser element destegi", Klinik Tip Pediatri Dergisi, 10,1, 1-6.
Sahin S, Ozdemir T, Katipoglu N, Akcan AB, Kaynak Turkmen M Comparison of Changes in Breast Milk Macronutrient Content During the First Month in Preterm and Term Infants. Breastfeed Med. 2020 Jan;15(1):56-62. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2019.0141. Epub 2019 Nov 25.
Effect of Breast Milk Circadian Properties on Infant Growth Parameters and Nutrient Absorption in Preterm Newborns
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
