Breast Feeding — Effect of First Oral Feeding by the Mother on Preterm Infants' Feeding Performance and Physiological Symptoms
Citation(s)
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Girgin BA, Gozen D, Karatekin G Effects of two different feeding positions on physiological characteristics and feeding performance of preterm infants: A randomized controlled trial. J Spec Pediatr Nurs. 2018 Apr;23(2):e12214. doi: 10.1111/jspn.12214. Ep
Goldfield EC, Richardson MJ, Lee KG, Margetts S Coordination of sucking, swallowing, and breathing and oxygen saturation during early infant breast-feeding and bottle-feeding. Pediatr Res. 2006 Oct;60(4):450-5. doi: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000238378.24238.9d. Ep
Rocha NM, Martinez FE, Jorge SM Cup or bottle for preterm infants: effects on oxygen saturation, weight gain, and breastfeeding. J Hum Lact. 2002 May;18(2):132-8. doi: 10.1177/089033440201800204.
Settle M, Francis K Does the Infant-Driven Feeding Method Positively Impact Preterm Infant Feeding Outcomes? Adv Neonatal Care. 2019 Feb;19(1):51-55. doi: 10.1097/ANC.0000000000000577.
Stevens EE, Gazza E, Pickler R Parental experience learning to feed their preterm infants. Adv Neonatal Care. 2014 Oct;14(5):354-61. doi: 10.1097/ANC.0000000000000105.
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Effect of First Oral Feeding by the Mother on Preterm Infants' Feeding Performance and Physiological Symptoms
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
