Breast Cancer — Breath Test to Predict Breast Cancer and Outcome of Mammography
Citation(s)
Aghdassi E, Allard JP Breath alkanes as a marker of oxidative stress in different clinical conditions. Free Radic Biol Med. 2000 Mar 15;28(6):880-6. Review.
Amann A, Corradi M, Mazzone P, Mutti A Lung cancer biomarkers in exhaled breath. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2011 Mar;11(2):207-17. doi: 10.1586/erm.10.112. Review.
Boedeker E, Friedel G, Walles T Sniffer dogs as part of a bimodal bionic research approach to develop a lung cancer screening. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2012 May;14(5):511-5. doi: 10.1093/icvts/ivr070. Epub 2012 Feb 17. Review.
Brueggemeier RW, Díaz-Cruz ES Relationship between aromatase and cyclooxygenases in breast cancer: potential for new therapeutic approaches. Minerva Endocrinol. 2006 Mar;31(1):13-26. Review.
Kneepkens CM, Ferreira C, Lepage G, Roy CC The hydrocarbon breath test in the study of lipid peroxidation: principles and practice. Clin Invest Med. 1992 Apr;15(2):163-86. Review.
Kneepkens CM, Lepage G, Roy CC The potential of the hydrocarbon breath test as a measure of lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Biol Med. 1994 Aug;17(2):127-60. Review. Erratum in: Free Radic Biol Med 1994 Dec;17(6):609.
Phillips M, inventor USPTO Application no 20170188887. Ultra-clean bag or balloon for collection of volatile organic compounds in breath or air https://www.google.com/patents/US20170188887. USA2017.
Phillips M Method for the collection and assay of volatile organic compounds in breath. Anal Biochem. 1997 May 1;247(2):272-8.
Qiao Y, Gao Z, Liu Y, Cheng Y, Yu M, Zhao L, Duan Y, Liu Y Breath ketone testing: a new biomarker for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of diabetic ketosis. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:869186. doi: 10.1155/2014/869186. Epub 2014 May 11.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.