Giardina TD, Hunte H, Hill MA, Heimlich SL, Singh H, Smith KM Defining Diagnostic Error: A Scoping Review to Assess the Impact of the National Academies' Report Improving Diagnosis in Health Care. J Patient Saf. 2022 Apr 27. doi: 10.1097/PTS.000000000000
Meyer AND, Giardina TD, Khawaja L, Singh H Patient and clinician experiences of uncertainty in the diagnostic process: Current understanding and future directions. Patient Educ Couns. 2021 Nov;104(11):2606-2615. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.07.028. Epub 2021
Meyer AND, Scott TMT, Singh H Adherence to National Guidelines for Timeliness of Test Results Communication to Patients in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Apr 1;5(4):e228568. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.8568.
Murphy DR, Giardina TD, Satterly T, Sittig DF, Singh H An Exploration of Barriers, Facilitators, and Suggestions for Improving Electronic Health Record Inbox-Related Usability: A Qualitative Analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Oct 2;2(10):e1912638. doi: 10.10
Murphy DR, Savoy A, Satterly T, Sittig DF, Singh H Dashboards for visual display of patient safety data: a systematic review. BMJ Health Care Inform. 2021 Oct;28(1). pii: e100437. doi: 10.1136/bmjhci-2021-100437.
Shafer GJ, Singh H, Thomas EJ, Thammasitboon S, Gautham KS Frequency of diagnostic errors in the neonatal intensive care unit: a retrospective cohort study. J Perinatol. 2022 Mar 4. doi: 10.1038/s41372-022-01359-9. [Epub ahead of print]
Shen L, Levie A, Singh H, Murray K, Desai S Harnessing Event Report Data to Identify Diagnostic Error During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2022 Feb;48(2):71-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjq.2021.10.002. Epub 2021 Oct 29.
Singh H, Connor DM, Dhaliwal G Five strategies for clinicians to advance diagnostic excellence. BMJ. 2022 Feb 16;376:e068044. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-068044.
Sittig DF, Lakhani P, Singh H Applying requisite imagination to safeguard electronic health record transitions. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2022 Apr 13;29(5):1014-1018. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocab291.
Sittig DF, Sengstack P, Singh H Guidelines for US Hospitals and Clinicians on Assessment of Electronic Health Record Safety Using SAFER Guides. JAMA. 2022 Feb 22;327(8):719-720. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.0085.
Sittig DF, Singh H Policies to Promote Shared Responsibility for Safer Electronic Health Records. JAMA. 2021 Oct 19;326(15):1477-1478. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.13945.
Vaghani V, Wei L, Mushtaq U, Sittig DF, Bradford A, Singh H Validation of an electronic trigger to measure missed diagnosis of stroke in emergency departments. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2021 Sep 18;28(10):2202-2211. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocab121.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
