Chew CS Parietal cell protein kinases. Selective activation of type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase by histamine. J Biol Chem. 1985 Jun 25;260(12):7540-50.
Chow LWC, Morita S, Chow CYC, Ng WK, Toi M Neoadjuvant palbociclib on ER+ breast cancer (N007): clinical response and EndoPredict's value. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2018 Feb;25(2):123-130. doi: 10.1530/ERC-17-0396. Epub 2017 Nov 20.
Elkrief A, Derosa L, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Routy B The intimate relationship between gut microbiota and cancer immunotherapy. Gut Microbes. 2019;10(3):424-428. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2018.1527167. Epub 2018 Oct 19.
Geisler J, Haynes B, Anker G, Dowsett M, Lonning PE Influence of letrozole and anastrozole on total body aromatization and plasma estrogen levels in postmenopausal breast cancer patients evaluated in a randomized, cross-over study. J Clin Oncol. 2002 Feb 1;20(3):751-7. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2002.20.3.751.
Geisler J, Smith I, Miller W Presurgical (neoadjuvant) endocrine therapy is a useful model to predict response and outcome to endocrine treatment in breast cancer patients. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2012 Sep;131(3-5):93-100. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.12.006. Epub 2011 Dec 22.
Gnant M, Steger GG, Bartsch R CDK4/6 inhibitors in luminal breast cancer. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Jan;16(1):2-3. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)71188-X. Epub 2014 Dec 16. No abstract available.
Goel S, Tolaney SM CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer: a role in triple-negative disease? Lancet Oncol. 2019 Nov;20(11):1479-1481. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30627-8. Epub 2019 Sep 28. No abstract available.
Kala M, Chrobok J, Dvorak P A surprising finding by a surgery for lumbar intervertebral disk herniation--Ewing's sarcoma. Acta Univ Palacki Olomuc Fac Med. 1987;117:185-9. No abstract available.
Kroemer G, Zitvogel L Cancer immunotherapy in 2017: The breakthrough of the microbiota. Nat Rev Immunol. 2018 Jan 30;18(2):87-88. doi: 10.1038/nri.2018.4. No abstract available.
Lim JS, Turner NC, Yap TA CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Promising Opportunities beyond Breast Cancer. Cancer Discov. 2016 Jul;6(7):697-9. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-16-0563.
McCaw ZR, Vassy JL, Wei LJ Palbociclib and Fulvestrant in Breast Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019 Feb 21;380(8):796. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1816595. No abstract available.
Rocca A, Melegari E, Palleschi M Ribociclib and Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019 Oct 17;381(16):1592. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1911188. No abstract available.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.