Breast Cancer — The Impact of Pecs Blocks on Postmastectomy Pain Syndrome
Citation(s)
Bashandy GM, Abbas DN Pectoral nerves I and II blocks in multimodal analgesia for breast cancer surgery: a randomized clinical trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2015 Jan-Feb;40(1):68-74. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000163.
Bras M, Dordevic V, Gregurek R, Bulajic M Neurobiological and clinical relationship between psychiatric disorders and chronic pain. Psychiatr Danub. 2010 Jun;22(2):221-6.
Najeeb HN, Mehdi SR, Siddiqui AM, Batool SK Pectoral Nerves I, II and Serratus Plane Blocks in Multimodal Analgesia for Mastectomy: A Randomised Clinical Trial. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2019 Oct;29(10):910-914. doi: 10.29271/jcpsp.2019.10.910.
Thomas M, Philip FA, Mathew AP, Jagathnath Krishna KM Intraoperative pectoral nerve block (Pec) for breast cancer surgery: A randomized controlled trial. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2018 Jul-Sep;34(3):318-323. doi: 10.4103/joacp.JOACP_191_17.
The Impact of Pecs Blocks on the Appearance of Post Mastectomy Chronic Pain Symptoms
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
