Breast Cancer Patients — Study of CYP2C19 and ALDH3A1 Polymorphisms in Breast Cancer Patients
Citation(s)
Bray J, Sludden J, Griffin MJ, Cole M, Verrill M, Jamieson D, Boddy AV Influence of pharmacogenetics on response and toxicity in breast cancer patients treated with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. Br J Cancer. 2010 Mar 16;102(6):1003-9. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605587. Epub 2010 Feb 23.
Tecza K, Pamula-Pilat J, Lanuszewska J, Butkiewicz D, Grzybowska E Pharmacogenetics of toxicity of 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Oncotarget. 2018 Jan 10;9(10):9114-9136. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.24148. eCollection 2018 Feb 6.
Zhou X, Qiao G, Wang X, Song Q, Morse MA, Hobeika A, Gwin WR, Ren J, Lyerly HK CYP1A1 genetic polymorphism is a promising predictor to improve chemotherapy effects in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with docetaxel plus thiotepa vs. docetaxel plus capecitabine. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2018 Feb;81(2):365-372. doi: 10.1007/s00280-017-3500-9. Epub 2017 Dec 14.
Pharmacogenetic Risk Factors of Doxorubicin-Cyclophosphamide Chemotherapy Related Toxicities in Breast Cancer Patients
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
