Breast Cancer — Diagnostic Accuracy of Dermal Thickness in Lymphedema
Citation(s)
Bok SK, Jeon Y, Hwang PS Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Effects of Progressive Resistive Exercise in Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema. Lymphat Res Biol. 2016 Mar;14(1):18-24. doi: 10.1089/lrb.2015.0021. Epub 2016 Jan 29.
Han N, Cho Y, Hwang J, Kim H, Cho G Usefulness of ultrasound examination in evaluation of breast cancer-related lymphedema. J Korean Acad Rehabil Med. 2011;35:101-9.
Tassenoy A, De Strijcker D, Adriaenssens N, Lievens P The Use of Noninvasive Imaging Techniques in the Assessment of Secondary Lymphedema Tissue Changes as Part of Staging Lymphedema. Lymphat Res Biol. 2016 Sep;14(3):127-33. doi: 10.1089/lrb.2016.0011. Review.
Yang EJ, Kim SY, Lee WH, Lim JY, Lee J Diagnostic Accuracy of Clinical Measures Considering Segmental Tissue Composition and Volume Changes of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema. Lymphat Res Biol. 2018 Aug;16(4):368-376. doi: 10.1089/lrb.2017.0047. Epub 2018 Jan 17.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Between Side Differences of Ultrasonographic Dermal Thickness Measurements in Breast Cancer Related Arm Lymphedema
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
