Breast Cancer — Activity & Cognition After Treatment for Breast Cancer
Citation(s)
Baumann, F T., Drosselmeyer, N., Leskaroski, A., Knicker, A., Krakowski-Roosen, H., Zopf, E. M., & Bloch, W. (2011). 12-week resistance training with breast cancer patients during chemotherapy: Effects on cognitive abilities. Breast Care, 6(2), 142-143.
Blacklock R, Rhodes R, Blanchard C, Gaul C Effects of exercise intensity and self-efficacy on state anxiety with breast cancer survivors. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2010 Mar;37(2):206-12. doi: 10.1188/10.ONF.206-212.
Bray F, McCarron P, Parkin DM The changing global patterns of female breast cancer incidence and mortality. Breast Cancer Res. 2004;6(6):229-39. Epub 2004 Aug 26. Review.
Galantino ML, Greene L, Daniels L, Dooley B, Muscatello L, O'Donnell L Longitudinal impact of yoga on chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment and quality of life in women with early stage breast cancer: a case series. Explore (NY). 2012 Mar-Apr;8(2):127-35. doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2011.12.001.
Goodwin JS, Samet JM, Hunt WC Determinants of survival in older cancer patients. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1996 Aug 7;88(15):1031-8.
Hillman CH, Erickson KI, Kramer AF Be smart, exercise your heart: exercise effects on brain and cognition. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008 Jan;9(1):58-65. Review.
Mackenzie, M , Zuniga, K., & McAuley, E. (in press). Cognitive impairment in breast cancer survivors: The protective role of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and exercise training. Exercise-Cognition Interaction: Neuroscience Perspectives.
Pinto AC, de Azambuja E Improving quality of life after breast cancer: dealing with symptoms. Maturitas. 2011 Dec;70(4):343-8. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.09.008. Epub 2011 Oct 19. Review.
Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program (www seer.cancer.gov) Research Data (2004-2010), National Cancer Institute, DCCPS, Surveillance Research Program, Surveillance Systems Branch, released April 2014, based on the November 2013 submission.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
