Breast Cancer — Multidisciplinary Approach to Novel Therapies in Cardiology Oncology Research
Citation(s)
Haykowsky MJ, Mackey JR, Thompson B, Jones LW, Paterson DI Adjuvant trastuzumab induces ventricular remodeling despite aerobic exercise training. Clin. Cancer Res.2009 Aug 1;15(15):4963-7. Mackey JR. Cardiac management during adjuvant trastuzumab therapy: recommendations of the Canadian Trastuzumab Working Group,et al.Current Oncology, Vol 15, No 1 (2008) Jones LW, Haykowsky MJ, Swatz JJ, Douglas PS, Mackey RJ.Early breast cancer therapy and cardiovascular injury.J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007 Oct9;50(15):1435-41. Epub 2007 Sep 24. Review.
A Prospective Study to See if Cardiac Effects of Herceptin Can be Prevented With Standard Heart Medications
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
