Breast Cancer — Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Bone Metastases From Breast or Prostate Cancer
Citation(s)
Bruner DW, Winter K, Hartsell W, et al : Prospective health-related quality of life valuations (utilities) of 8 Gy in 1 fraction vs 30 Gy in 10 fractions for palliation of painful bone metastases: preliminary results of RTOG 97-14. [Abstract] Int J Radiat
Bruner DW Outcomes research in cancer symptom management trials: the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) conceptual model. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2007;(37):12-5.
Hartsell WF, DeSilvio M, Bruner DW, et al : Can physicians accurately predict survival time in patients with metastatic cancer? Analysis of RTOG 9714. [Abstract] Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 60 (1 Suppl 1): A-25, S143, 2004.
Hartsell WF, Scott C, Bruner DW, et al : Phase III randomized trial of 8 Gy in 1 fraction vs. 30 Gy in 10 fractions for palliation of painful bone metastases: preliminary results of RTOG 97-14. [Abstract] Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 57 (2 Suppl): S124, 2
Hartsell WF, Winter K, Bruner DW, et al : Breast cancer patients have better outcomes than prostate cancer patients for palliation of painful bone metastases: results of RTOG 97-14. [Abstract] J Clin Oncol 23 (Suppl 16): A-6073, 546s, 2005.
Howell DD, James JL, Hartsell WF, et al : Randomized trial of short-course versus long-course radiotherapy for palliation of painful vertebral bone metastases: A retrospective analysis of RTOG 97-14. [Abstract] J Clin Oncol 27 (Suppl 15): A-9521, 2009.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
