Brain Tumor — Role of Surgery in Management of Pineal Region Tumors in Children
Citation(s)
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Choudhry O, Gupta G, Prestigiacomo CJ On the surgery of the seat of the soul: the pineal gland and the history of its surgical approaches. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2011 Jul;22(3):321-33, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.nec.2011.04.001.
Dandy WE EXTIRPATION OF THE PINEAL BODY. J Exp Med. 1915 Aug 1;22(2):237-46. doi: 10.1084/jem.22.2.237.
Li Y, Zhao G, Wang H, Zhu W, Qu L, Li Y, Yu J Use of 3D-computed tomography angiography for planning the surgical removal of pineal region meningiomas using Poppen's approach: a report of ten cases and a literature review. World J Surg Oncol. 2011 Jun 15;9:64. doi: 10.1186/1477-7819-9-64.
Morgenstern PF, Souweidane MM Pineal region tumors: simultaneous endoscopic third ventriculostomy and tumor biopsy. World Neurosurg. 2013 Feb;79(2 Suppl):S18.e9-13. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2012.02.020. Epub 2012 Feb 10.
Mottolese C, Szathmari A, Beuriat PA Incidence of pineal tumours. A review of the literature. Neurochirurgie. 2015 Apr-Jun;61(2-3):65-9. doi: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2014.01.005. Epub 2014 Aug 10.
Poppen JL The right occipital approach to a pinealoma. J Neurosurg. 1966 Dec;25(6):706-10. doi: 10.3171/jns.1966.25.6.0706. No abstract available.
Wang P, Mao Q, Wang W, Zhou LX, Liu YH Gamma knife surgery for pineal region tumors: an alternative strategy for negative pathology. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2014 Feb;72(2):129-35. doi: 10.1590/0004-282X20130217.
Role of Surgery in Management of Pineal Region Tumors in Children
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
