Brain Injury — Methylphenidate (Ritalin) and Memory/Attention in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Citation(s)
Flashman LA, Amador X, McAllister TW Lack of Awareness of Deficits in Traumatic Brain Injury. Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry. 1998 Jul;3(3):201-210.
Flashman LA, McAllister TW Lack of awareness and its impact in traumatic brain injury. NeuroRehabilitation. 2002;17(4):285-96. Review.
McAllister TW, Arciniegas D Evaluation and treatment of postconcussive symptoms. NeuroRehabilitation. 2002;17(4):265-83. Review.
McAllister TW, Ferrell RB Evaluation and treatment of psychosis after traumatic brain injury. NeuroRehabilitation. 2002;17(4):357-68. Review.
McAllister TW, Flashman LA, McDonald BC, Saykin AJ Mechanisms of working memory dysfunction after mild and moderate TBI: evidence from functional MRI and neurogenetics. J Neurotrauma. 2006 Oct;23(10):1450-67.
McAllister TW, Flashman LA, Sparling MB, Saykin AJ Working memory deficits after traumatic brain injury: catecholaminergic mechanisms and prospects for treatment -- a review. Brain Inj. 2004 Apr;18(4):331-50. Review.
McAllister TW, Green RL Traumatic Brain Injury: A Model of Acquired Psychiatric Illness? Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry. 1998 Jul;3(3):158-159.
McAllister TW Evaluation and treatment of neurobehavioral complications of traumatic brain injury--have we made any progress? NeuroRehabilitation. 2002;17(4):263-4.
McAllister TW Evaluation of brain injury related behavioral disturbances in community mental health centers. Community Ment Health J. 1997 Aug;33(4):341-58; discussion 359-64. Review.
McAllister TW Neuropsychiatric sequelae of head injuries. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1992 Jun;15(2):395-413. Review.
McAllister TW Traumatic Brain Injury and Psychosis: What Is the Connection? Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry. 1998 Jul;3(3):211-223.
Silver JM, McAllister TW Forensic issues in the neuropsychiatric evaluation of the patient with mild traumatic brain injury. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1997 Winter;9(1):102-13. Review.
Methylphenidate (Ritalin) and Memory/Attention in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
