Roef G, Lapauw B, Goemaere S, Zmierczak H, Fiers T, Kaufman JM, Taes Y Thyroid hormone status within the physiological range affects bone mass and density in healthy men at the age of peak bone mass. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011 Jun;164(6):1027-34. doi: 10.1530/EJE-10-1113. Epub 2011 Mar 10.
Roef G, Lapauw B, Goemaere S, Zmierczak HG, Toye K, Kaufman JM, Taes Y Body composition and metabolic parameters are associated with variation in thyroid hormone levels among euthyroid young men. Eur J Endocrinol. 2012 Nov;167(5):719-26. doi: 10.1530/EJE-12-0447. Epub 2012 Sep 6.
Vanbillemont G, Lapauw B, De Naeyer H, Roef G, Kaufman JM, Taes YE Sex hormone-binding globulin at the crossroad of body composition, somatotropic axis and insulin/glucose homeostasis in young healthy men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2012 Jan;76(1):111-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04155.x.
Verroken C, Zmierczak HG, Goemaere S, Kaufman JM, Lapauw B Association of Jumping Mechanography-Derived Indices of Muscle Function with Tibial Cortical Bone Geometry. Calcif Tissue Int. 2016 May;98(5):446-55. doi: 10.1007/s00223-015-0094-2. Epub 2015 Dec 16.
Verroken C, Zmierczak HG, Goemaere S, Kaufman JM, Lapauw B Maternal age at childbirth is associated with offspring insulin sensitivity: a cross-sectional study in adult male siblings. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2017 Jan;86(1):52-59. doi: 10.1111/cen.13253. Epub 2016 Nov 2.
Longitudinal Extension Phase of Sibling Pair Linkage Analysis of Bone Mineral Density / Geometry and Sex Steroid and Thyroid Status in Healthy Young Men
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.