Blood Donation — Study of Transfusion-Transmitted Infections
Citation(s)
Alter HJ, Houghton M Clinical Medical Research Award. Hepatitis C virus and eliminating post-transfusion hepatitis. Nat Med. 2000 Oct;6(10):1082-6. doi: 10.1038/80394. No abstract available.
Kleinman S, Busch MP, Korelitz JJ, Schreiber GB The incidence/window period model and its use to assess the risk of transfusion-transmitted human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infection. Transfus Med Rev. 1997 Jul;11(3):155-72. doi: 10.1053/tmrv.1997.0110155. No abstract available.
Schreiber GB, Busch MP, Kleinman SH, Korelitz JJ The risk of transfusion-transmitted viral infections. The Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study. N Engl J Med. 1996 Jun 27;334(26):1685-90. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199606273342601.
A Prospective Study of Transfusion-Transmitted Infections
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
