Balance; Distorted — Evaluation of Pediatric Balance Scale and Quantitative Balance Parameters in Patients With Cerebral Palsy
Citation(s)
Fowler EG, Staudt LA, Greenberg MB, Oppenheim WL Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity (SCALE): development, validation, and interrater reliability of a clinical tool for patients with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2009 Aug;51(8):607-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03186.x. Epub 2009 Feb 12.
Franjoine MR, Gunther JS, Taylor MJ Pediatric balance scale: a modified version of the berg balance scale for the school-age child with mild to moderate motor impairment. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2003 Summer;15(2):114-28.
Saether R, Helbostad JL, Riphagen II, Vik T Clinical tools to assess balance in children and adults with cerebral palsy: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2013 Nov;55(11):988-99. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.12162. Epub 2013 May 16. Review.
"Evaluation of Pediatric Balance Scale and Quantitative Balance Parameters in Patients With Cerebral Palsy"
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
