Back Pain — Effects of Cervicothoracic Mobility Program on Low Back Pain
Citation(s)
Divya, Parveen A, Nuhmani S, Ejaz Hussain M, Hussain Khan M Effect of lumbar stabilization exercises and thoracic mobilization with strengthening exercises on pain level, thoracic kyphosis, and functional disability in chronic low back pain. J Complement Integr Med. 2020 Jul 27;18(2):419-424. doi: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0327.
Ganesan S, Acharya AS, Chauhan R, Acharya S Prevalence and Risk Factors for Low Back Pain in 1,355 Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Asian Spine J. 2017 Aug;11(4):610-617. doi: 10.4184/asj.2017.11.4.610. Epub 2017 Aug 7.
Herman PM, Whitley MD, Ryan GW, Hurwitz EL, Coulter ID The impact of patient preferences and costs on the appropriateness of spinal manipulation and mobilization for chronic low back pain and chronic neck pain. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019 Nov 7;20(1):519. doi: 10.1186/s12891-019-2904-6.
Khan S, Al Torairi N, Shamsi S Comparative Study Of Snags And Maitland's Mobilization In Chronic Low Back Pain. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science. 2018.
Lim C-G Comparison of the effects of joint mobilization, gym ball exercises, and breathing exercises on breathing pattern disorders and joint position sense in persons with chronic low back pain. Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science. 2020;9(1):25-35.
Sahin N, Karahan AY, Albayrak I Effectiveness of physical therapy and exercise on pain and functional status in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized-controlled trial. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil. 2017 Aug 9;64(1):52-58. doi: 10.5606/tftrd.2018.1238. eCollection 2018 Mar.
Sung YB, Lee JH, Park YH Effects of thoracic mobilization and manipulation on function and mental state in chronic lower back pain. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014 Nov;26(11):1711-4. doi: 10.1589/jpts.26.1711. Epub 2014 Nov 13.
Yang D, Park S, Kang J, Kim J, Jung D, Kim Y, et al The effect of spine mobilization technique on balance and the low back pain disability index of patients with chronic back pain. Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine. 2018;6(4):139-48
Effects of Cervicothoracic Mobility Program on Pain, Range of Motion and Function in Patients With Chronic Back Pain
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
