Back Pain — Real-World Experience of Athletes Treated With SAM
Citation(s)
Alexander LD, Gilman DR, Brown DR, Brown JL, Houghton PE Exposure to low amounts of ultrasound energy does not improve soft tissue shoulder pathology: a systematic review. Phys Ther. 2010 Jan;90(1):14-25. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20080272. Epub 2009 Nov 12. Revi
Best TM, Moore B, Jarit P, Moorman CT, Lewis GK Sustained acoustic medicine: wearable, long duration ultrasonic therapy for the treatment of tendinopathy. Phys Sportsmed. 2015 Nov;43(4):366-74. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2015.1095617. Epub 2015 Oct 15.
Best TM, Wilk KE, Moorman CT, Draper DO Low Intensity Ultrasound for Promoting Soft Tissue Healing: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Medical Technology. Intern Med Rev (Wash D C). 2016 Dec;2(11). pii: 271. doi: 10.18103/imr.v2i11.271.
Draper DO, Ricard MD Rate of Temperature Decay in Human Muscle Following 3 MHz Ultrasound: The Stretching Window Revealed. J Athl Train. 1995 Oct;30(4):304-7.
Enwemeka CS, Rodriguez O, Mendosa S The biomechanical effects of low-intensity ultrasound on healing tendons. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1990;16(8):801-7.
Fu SC, Hung LK, Shum WT, Lee YW, Chan LS, Ho G, Chan KM In vivo low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) following tendon injury promotes repair during granulation but suppresses decorin and biglycan expression during remodeling. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther
Langer MD, Lewis GK Jr Sustained Acoustic Medicine: A Novel Long Duration Approach to Biomodulation Utilizing Low Intensity Therapeutic Ultrasound. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng. 2015 May;9467. pii: 94670I. doi: 10.1117/12.2178213.
Lewis GK Jr, Langer MD, Henderson CR Jr, Ortiz R Design and evaluation of a wearable self-applied therapeutic ultrasound device for chronic myofascial pain. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2013 Aug;39(8):1429-39. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.03.007. Epub 2013 J
Nagata K, Nakamura T, Fujihara S, Tanaka E Ultrasound modulates the inflammatory response and promotes muscle regeneration in injured muscles. Ann Biomed Eng. 2013 Jun;41(6):1095-105. doi: 10.1007/s10439-013-0757-y. Epub 2013 Feb 6.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
