Autism Spectrum Disorder — The Role of Epigenetic Modifications in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Citation(s)
Bahi A Sustained lentiviral-mediated overexpression of microRNA124a in the dentate gyrus exacerbates anxiety- and autism-like behaviors associated with neonatal isolation in rats. Behav Brain Res. 2016 Sep 15;311:298-308. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.05.033.
Bhandari R, Kuhad A Resveratrol suppresses neuroinflammation in the experimental paradigm of autism spectrum disorders. Neurochem Int. 2017 Feb;103:8-23. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.12.012. Epub 2016 Dec 23.
Ferreira MC, Dorboz I, Rodriguez D, Boespflug Tanguy O Screening for GFAP rearrangements in a cohort of Alexander disease and undetermined leukoencephalopathy patients. Eur J Med Genet. 2015 Sep;58(9):466-70. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2015.07.002. Epub 2015 Ju
Gladkevich A, Kauffman HF, Korf J Lymphocytes as a neural probe: potential for studying psychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2004 May;28(3):559-76. Review.
Samadi SA, McConkey R The utility of the Gilliam autism rating scale for identifying Iranian children with autism. Disabil Rehabil. 2014;36(6):452-6. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2013.797514. Epub 2013 Jun 5.
Vuong HE, Hsiao EY Emerging Roles for the Gut Microbiome in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2017 Mar 1;81(5):411-423. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.08.024. Epub 2016 Aug 26. Review.
Wang J, Zou Q, Han R, Li Y, Wang Y Serum levels of Glial fibrillary acidic protein in Chinese children with autism spectrum disorders. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2017 Apr;57:41-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.01.004. Epub 2017 Jan 11.
The Role of Epigenetic Modifications in Autism Spectrum Disorder Through DNA Methylation
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
