Atrial Fibrillation — Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of SGB in Preventing Post-op Atrial Fibrillation
Citation(s)
Al-Atassi T, Toeg H, Malas T, Lam BK Mapping and ablation of autonomic ganglia in prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation in coronary surgery: MAAPPAFS atrial fibrillation randomized controlled pilot study. Can J Cardiol. 2014 Oct;30(10):1202-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.04.018. Epub 2014 Apr 19.
Bidwai AV, Rogers CR, Pearce M, Stanley TH Preoperative stellate-ganglion blockade to prevent hypertension following coronary-artery operations. Anesthesiology. 1979 Oct;51(4):345-7.
Gopal D, Singh NG, Jagadeesh AM, Ture A, Thimmarayappa A Comparison of left internal mammary artery diameter before and after left stellate ganglion block. Ann Card Anaesth. 2013 Oct-Dec;16(4):238-42. doi: 10.4103/0971-9784.119161.
Wulf H, Maier C [Complications and side effects of stellate ganglion blockade. Results of a questionnaire survey]. Anaesthesist. 1992 Mar;41(3):146-51. German.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
