Atrial Fibrillation — COMParison of Algorithms for Rotational Evaluation in Atrial Fibrillation
Citation(s)
Benharash P, Buch E, Frank P, Share M, Tung R, Shivkumar K, Mandapati R Quantitative analysis of localized sources identified by focal impulse and rotor modulation mapping in atrial fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2015 Jun;8(3):554-61. doi: 10.1161/CIRCEP.115.002721. Epub 2015 Apr 14.
Jalife J, Filgueiras Rama D, Berenfeld O Letter by Jalife et al Regarding Article, "Quantitative Analysis of Localized Sources Identified by Focal Impulse and Rotor Modulation Mapping in Atrial Fibrillation". Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2015 Oct;8(5):1296-8. doi: 10.1161/CIRCEP.115.003324. No abstract available.
Narayan SM, Krummen DE, Enyeart MW, Rappel WJ Computational mapping identifies localized mechanisms for ablation of atrial fibrillation. PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e46034. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046034. Epub 2012 Sep 26.
Narayan SM, Krummen DE, Shivkumar K, Clopton P, Rappel WJ, Miller JM Treatment of atrial fibrillation by the ablation of localized sources: CONFIRM (Conventional Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation With or Without Focal Impulse and Rotor Modulation) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012 Aug 14;60(7):628-36. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.05.022. Epub 2012 Jul 18.
COMParison of Algorithms for Rotational Evaluation in Atrial Fibrillation
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
