Asthma — Genetics of Asthma and Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness
Citation(s)
Bleecker ER, Amelung PJ, Levitt RC, Postma DS, Meyers DA Evidence for linkage of total serum IgE and bronchial hyperresponsiveness to chromosome 5q: a major regulatory locus important in asthma. Clin Exp Allergy. 1995 Nov;25 Suppl 2:84-8; discussion 95-6.
Bleecker ER, Postma DS, Meyers DA Evidence for multiple genetic susceptibility loci for asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997 Oct;156(4 Pt 2):S113-6. Review.
Bleecker ER, Postma DS, Meyers DA Genetic susceptibility to asthma in a changing environment. Ciba Found Symp. 1997;206:90-9; discussion 99-105, 106-10. Review.
He P, Ma Y, Zhao G, Dai H, Li H, Chang L, Zhang Z FaRE1: a transcriptionally active Ty1-copia retrotransposon in strawberry. J Plant Res. 2010 Sep;123(5):707-14. doi: 10.1007/s10265-009-0290-0. Epub 2009 Dec 18.
Howard TD, Bleecker ER, Stine OC Fluorescent allele-specific PCR (FAS-PCR) improves the reliability of single nucleotide polymorphism screening. Biotechniques. 1999 Mar;26(3):380-1.
Panhuysen CI, Bleecker ER, Koeter GH, Meyers DA, Postma DS Characterization of obstructive airway disease in family members of probands with asthma. An algorithm for the diagnosis of asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 Jun;157(6 Pt 1):1734-42.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.