Aikawa T, Shimura S, Sasaki H, Ebina M, Takishima T Marked goblet cell hyperplasia with mucus accumulation in the airways of patients who died of severe acute asthma attack. Chest. 1992 Apr;101(4):916-21. doi: 10.1378/chest.101.4.916.
Carroll N, Elliot J, Morton A, James A The structure of large and small airways in nonfatal and fatal asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993 Feb;147(2):405-10. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/147.2.405.
Crespo-Lessmann A, Plaza V; Consensus Group Multidisciplinary consensus on sputum induction biosafety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Allergy. 2021 Aug;76(8):2407-2419. doi: 10.1111/all.14697. Epub 2021 Jan 19.
Evans CM, Koo JS Airway mucus: the good, the bad, the sticky. Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Mar;121(3):332-48. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.11.001. Epub 2008 Nov 18.
Fahy JV, Dickey BF Airway mucus function and dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 2010 Dec 2;363(23):2233-47. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra0910061. No abstract available.
Lange P, Parner J, Vestbo J, Schnohr P, Jensen G A 15-year follow-up study of ventilatory function in adults with asthma. N Engl J Med. 1998 Oct 22;339(17):1194-200. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199810223391703.
Lopez-Vidriero MT, Reid L Chemical markers of mucous and serum glycoproteins and their relation to viscosity in mucoid and purulent sputum from various hypersecretory diseases. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1978 Mar;117(3):465-77. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1978.117.3.465.
Rose MC, Voynow JA Respiratory tract mucin genes and mucin glycoproteins in health and disease. Physiol Rev. 2006 Jan;86(1):245-78. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00010.2005.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
