Karakoc F, Remes ST, Martinez FD, Wright AL The association between persistent eosinophilia and asthma in childhood is independent of atopic status. Clin Exp Allergy. 2002 Jan;32(1):51-6.
Martinez FD, Graves PE, Baldini M, Solomon S, Erickson R Association between genetic polymorphisms of the beta2-adrenoceptor and response to albuterol in children with and without a history of wheezing. J Clin Invest. 1997 Dec 15;100(12):3184-8.
Martinez FD, Holt PG Role of microbial burden in aetiology of allergy and asthma. Lancet. 1999 Sep;354 Suppl 2:SII12-5. Review.
Martinez FD, Stern DA, Wright AL, Taussig LM, Halonen M Differential immune responses to acute lower respiratory illness in early life and subsequent development of persistent wheezing and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1998 Dec;102(6 Pt 1):915-20.
Martinez FD Context dependency of markers of disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Aug;162(2 Pt 2):S56-7.
Martinez FD Gene by environment interactions in the development of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy. 1998 Nov;28 Suppl 5:21-5; discussion 26-8. Review.
Martinez FD Links between pediatric and adult asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001 May;107(5 Suppl):S449-55. Review.
Martinez FD The coming-of-age of the hygiene hypothesis. Respir Res. 2001;2(3):129-32. Epub 2001 Apr 2. Review.
Patiño CM, Martinez FD Interactions between genes and environment in the development of asthma. Allergy. 2001 Apr;56(4):279-86. Review.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.