Asthma in Children — Improving Asthma Referrals Following Emergency Department Evaluation
Citation(s)
Akinbami LJ, Moorman JE, Simon AE, Schoendorf KC Trends in racial disparities for asthma outcomes among children 0 to 17 years, 2001-2010. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014 Sep;134(3):547-553.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.05.037. Epub 2014 Aug 1.
Goldberg EM, Laskowski-Kos U, Wu D, Gutierrez J, Bilderback A, Okelo SO, Garro A The Pediatric Asthma Control and Communication Instrument for the Emergency Department (PACCI-ED) improves physician assessment of asthma morbidity in pediatric emergency department patients. J Asthma. 2014 Mar;51(2):200-8. doi: 10.3109/02770903.2013.859267. Epub 2013 Dec 4.
Pade KH, Agnihotri NT, Vangala S, Thompson LR, Wang VJ, Okelo SO Asthma specialist care preferences among parents of children receiving emergency department care for asthma. J Asthma. 2020 Feb;57(2):188-195. doi: 10.1080/02770903.2019.1565768. Epub 2019 Jan 21.
Rachelefsky GS, Kennedy S, Stone A Enhancing the role of the emergency department in the identification and management of childhood asthma. Pediatrics. 2006 Apr;117(4 Pt 2):S57-62. doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-2000b. No abstract available.
Wu DJ, Hipolito E, Bilderback A, Okelo SO, Garro A Predicting future emergency department visits and hospitalizations for asthma using the Pediatric Asthma Control and Communication Instrument - Emergency Department version (PACCI-ED). J Asthma. 2016;53(4):387-91. doi: 10.3109/02770903.2015.1115520. Epub 2016 Jan 22.
Improving Asthma Referrals Following Emergency Department Evaluation
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
