Artificial Intelligence — Predictive and Advanced Analytics in Emergency Medicine - Neurological Deficits
Citation(s)
Avasarala J Letter by Avasarala Regarding Article, "2015 AHA/ASA Focused Update of the 2013 Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Regarding Endovascular Treatment: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association". Stroke. 2015 Nov;46(11):e234. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.010716. Epub 2015 Oct 6. No abstract available.
Bauchner H, Golub RM, Fontanarosa PB Data Sharing: An Ethical and Scientific Imperative. JAMA. 2016 Mar 22-29;315(12):1237-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.2420. No abstract available.
Char DS, Shah NH, Magnus D Implementing Machine Learning in Health Care - Addressing Ethical Challenges. N Engl J Med. 2018 Mar 15;378(11):981-983. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1714229. No abstract available.
Chaudhary K, Poirion OB, Lu L, Garmire LX Deep Learning-Based Multi-Omics Integration Robustly Predicts Survival in Liver Cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2018 Mar 15;24(6):1248-1259. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-0853. Epub 2017 Oct 5.
Cohen IG, Amarasingham R, Shah A, Xie B, Lo B The legal and ethical concerns that arise from using complex predictive analytics in health care. Health Aff (Millwood). 2014 Jul;33(7):1139-47. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2014.0048.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
