Arthroplasty — Length of the Femoral Stem in Arthroplasty Done for Patients With Proximal Femoral Metastatic Lesion
Citation(s)
Coleman RE Clinical features of metastatic bone disease and risk of skeletal morbidity. Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Oct 15;12(20 Pt 2):6243s-6249s. Review.
Peterson JR, Decilveo AP, O'Connor IT, Golub I, Wittig JC What Are the Functional Results and Complications With Long Stem Hemiarthroplasty in Patients With Metastases to the Proximal Femur? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2017 Mar;475(3):745-756. doi: 10.1007/s1
Tsuda Y, Yasunaga H, Horiguchi H, Fushimi K, Kawano H, Tanaka S Complications and Postoperative Mortality Rate After Surgery for Pathological Femur Fracture Related to Bone Metastasis: Analysis of a Nationwide Database. Ann Surg Oncol. 2016 Mar;23(3):801-10. doi: 10.1245/s10434-015-4881-9. Epub 2015 Oct 5.
Xing Z, Moon BS, Satcher RL, Lin PP, Lewis VO A long femoral stem is not always required in hip arthroplasty for patients with proximal femur metastases. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2013 May;471(5):1622-7. doi: 10.1007/s11999-013-2790-4. Epub 2013 Jan 30.
Cemented Long Versus Standard Femoral Stem Arthroplasty for Proximal Femoral Metastasis
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
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Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
