Chen SY, Hu CC, Chen CC, Chang YH, Hsieh PH Two-Stage Revision Arthroplasty for Periprosthetic Hip Infection: Mean Follow-Up of Ten Years. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:345475. doi: 10.1155/2015/345475. Epub 2015 Apr 29.
Kunutsor SK, Whitehouse MR, Lenguerrand E, Blom AW, Beswick AD; INFORM Team Re-Infection Outcomes Following One- And Two-Stage Surgical Revision of Infected Knee Prosthesis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 11;11(3):e0151537. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151537. eCollection 2016. Review.
Lopez D, Leach I, Moore E, Norrish AR Management of the Infected Total Hip Arthroplasty. Indian J Orthop. 2017 Jul-Aug;51(4):397-404. doi: 10.4103/ortho.IJOrtho_307_16.
Phillips JE, Crane TP, Noy M, Elliott TS, Grimer RJ The incidence of deep prosthetic infections in a specialist orthopaedic hospital: a 15-year prospective survey. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2006 Jul;88(7):943-8.
REVISITS Trial: Revision Single or Two Stage Surgery for Periprosthetic Hip Infection - a Multicentre Randomized Clinical Trial
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
