Arteriovenous Fistula Thrombosis — The Risk Factors of Thrombosis in Complicated Arteriovenous Fistula
Citation(s)
Fekih-Mrissa N, Sayeh A, Baffoun A, Beji M, Mrad M, Hmida J, Nsiri B Association Between Thrombophilic Gene Mutations and the Risk of Vascular Access Thrombosis in Hemodialysis Patients. Ther Apher Dial. 2016 Apr;20(2):107-11. doi: 10.1111/1744-9987.12379. Epub 2016 Mar 23.
Feldman HI, Kobrin S, Wasserstein A Hemodialysis vascular access morbidity. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1996 Apr;7(4):523-35. doi: 10.1681/ASN.V74523.
Fila B Quality indicators of vascular access procedures for hemodialysis. Int Urol Nephrol. 2021 Mar;53(3):497-504. doi: 10.1007/s11255-020-02609-5. Epub 2020 Aug 31.
Vascular Access 2006 Work Group Clinical practice guidelines for vascular access. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006 Jul;48 Suppl 1:S176-247. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.04.029. No abstract available.
Zhang Y, Yi J, Zhang R, Peng Y, Dong J, Sha L Risk Factors for Arteriovenous Fistula Thrombus Development: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2022;47(11):643-653. doi: 10.1159/000526768. Epub 2022 Sep 16.
The Risk Factors of Thrombosis in Complicated Arteriovenous Fistula in Patients on Regular Hemodialysis
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
