Arterial Stiffness — Effect of Cassia Cinnamon on Arterial Stiffness Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Citation(s)
Akilen R, Tsiami A, Devendra D, Robinson N Glycated haemoglobin and blood pressure-lowering effect of cinnamon in multi-ethnic Type 2 diabetic patients in the UK: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Diabet Med. 2010 Oct;27(10):1159-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03079.x.
American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2019 Abridged for Primary Care Providers. Clin Diabetes. 2019 Jan;37(1):11-34. doi: 10.2337/cd18-0105.
Arauz A, Ruíz-Franco A Enfermedad Vascular Cerebral. Rev Fac Medicina UNAM.2012;55:11-21
Bia D, Zócalo Y Rigidez arterial: evaluación no invasiva en la práctica clínica. Rev Urug Cardiol. 2014;29:39-59
Calabia Martínez, J Medida de la Velocidad de Onda de Pulso mediante Ecografía Doppler: Concordancia con el Método Complior.2016
Cardoso CR, Salles GF Aortic Stiffness as a Surrogate Endpoint to Micro- and Macrovascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Dec 6;17(12). pii: E2044. Review.
Cervantes R, Presno J Fisiopatología de la diabetes y los mecanismos de muerte de las células ß pancreáticas. Rev. Endocrinol. Nutr.2013;21:98-106
Chang CT, Chang WL, Hsu JC, Shih Y, Chou ST Chemical composition and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Cinnamomum cassia essential oil. Bot Stud. 2013 Dec;54(1):10. doi: 10.1186/1999-3110-54-10. Epub 2013 Aug 21.
DeFronzo RA, Abdul-Ghani M Type 2 diabetes can be prevented with early pharmacological intervention. Diabetes Care. 2011 May;34 Suppl 2:S202-9. doi: 10.2337/dc11-s221. Review.
Diabetes, O M. S. Informe Mundial sobre la Diabetes. Ginebra. 2016
Javed S, Alam U, Malik RA Treating Diabetic Neuropathy: Present Strategies and Emerging Solutions. Rev Diabet Stud. 2015 Spring-Summer;12(1-2):63-83. doi: 10.1900/RDS.2015.12.63. Epub 2015 Aug 10. Review.
Jeyaseelan L, Rao PS Methods of determining sample sizes in clinical trials. Indian Pediatr. 1989 Feb;26(2):115-21.
Julio R, Galleguillos I Diabetes y enfermedad vascular periférica. Rev Med Clin. 2009;20:687-697
Kang YH, Yang IJ, Morgan KG, Shin HM Cinnamyl alcohol attenuates vasoconstriction by activation of K? channels via NO-cGMP-protein kinase G pathway and inhibition of Rho-kinase. Exp Mol Med. 2012 Dec 31;44(12):749-55. doi: 10.3858/emm.2012.44.12.083.
Li X, Deng YP, Yang M, Wu YW, Sun SX, Sun JZ Low-Grade Inflammation and Increased Arterial Stiffness in Chinese Youth and Adolescents with Newly-Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2015 Dec;7(4):268-73. doi: 10.4274/jcrpe.2187.
Medagama AB, Bandara R The use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) in the treatment of diabetes mellitus: is continued use safe and effective? Nutr J. 2014 Oct 21;13:102. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-102. Review.
Morales S, García-Salcedo JA, Muñoz-Torres M [Pentosidine: a new biomarker in diabetes mellitus complications]. Med Clin (Barc). 2011 Mar 19;136(7):298-302. doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2009.12.001. Epub 2010 Mar 11. Review. Spanish.
Rabkin SW, Chan SH, Sweeney C Ankle-brachial index as an indicator of arterial stiffness in patients without peripheral artery disease. Angiology. 2012 Feb;63(2):150-4. doi: 10.1177/0003319711410307. Epub 2011 Jun 15.
Rao PV, Gan SH Cinnamon: a multifaceted medicinal plant. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:642942. doi: 10.1155/2014/642942. Epub 2014 Apr 10. Review.
Reference Values for Arterial Stiffness' Collaboration Determinants of pulse wave velocity in healthy people and in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors: 'establishing normal and reference values'. Eur Heart J. 2010 Oct;31(19):2338-50. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq165. Epub 2010 Jun 7.
Ritz E Nephropathy in type 2 diabetes. J Intern Med. 1999 Feb;245(2):111-26. Review.
Suárez C, Ruilope LM [New guidelines from the World Health Organization and the International Society of Hypertension for the management of hypertension: toward common guidelines]. Rev Esp Cardiol. 1999 Jun;52(6):381-2. Spanish.
Xue YL, Shi HX, Murad F, Bian K Vasodilatory effects of cinnamaldehyde and its mechanism of action in the rat aorta. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2011;7:273-80. doi: 10.2147/VHRM.S15429. Epub 2011 Apr 28.
Yeboah K, Antwi DA, Gyan B Arterial Stiffness in Nonhypertensive Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Ghana. Int J Endocrinol. 2016;2016:6107572. Epub 2016 Sep 28.
Ziegenfuss TN, Hofheins JE, Mendel RW, Landis J, Anderson RA Effects of a water-soluble cinnamon extract on body composition and features of the metabolic syndrome in pre-diabetic men and women. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2006 Dec 28;3:45-53. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-3-2-45.
Zócalo Y, Bia D Presión aórtica central y parámetros clínicos derivados de la onda del pulso: evaluación no invasiva en la práctica clínica. Rev Urug Cardiol. 2014;29:215-230
Effect of Cassia Cinnamon on Arterial Stiffness Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.