Anxiety — Do Bonding Disruptions Occur More Often in Children With Asthma Than in Non-asthmatic Populations?
Citation(s)
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Anbar, R D. Functional symptoms in pulmonology: taking your breath away. In: Ran D. Anbar (ed), Functional Symptoms in Pediatric Disease: A Clinical Guide. New York, NY: Springer, 2014; 47-58.
Feinberg, Steven Degree of maternal infant bonding and its relationship to pediatric asthma and family environments. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Professional School of Psychology, San Francisco, 1988.
Pennington, D Events associated with maternal-infant bonding deficits and severity of pediatric asthma. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Professional School of Psychology, San Francisco, 1991.
Schwartz, M P. Incidence of events associated with maternal-infant bonding disturbance in a pediatric population. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Rosebridge Graduate School, Walnut Creek, 1988.
Wright RJ, Cohen S, Carey V, Weiss ST, Gold DR Parental stress as a predictor of wheezing in infancy: a prospective birth-cohort study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 Feb 1;165(3):358-65.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
