Anxiety — Immersive Virtual Reality and Music During Circumcision in Children
Citation(s)
Buyuk ET, Odabasoglu E, Uzsen H, Koyun M The effect of virtual reality on Children's anxiety, fear, and pain levels before circumcision. J Pediatr Urol. 2021 Aug;17(4):567.e1-567.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2021.04.008. Epub 2021 Apr 21.
Gezginci E, Suluhan D, Caliskan MB Is tablet-based interactive distraction effective on pain and anxiety during circumcision in children? A randomized controlled trial. Turk J Urol. 2021 Nov;47(6):518-525. doi: 10.5152/tud.2021.21228.
Luo W, Chen C, Zhou W, Cao A, Zhu W, Zhou Y, Xu Z, Wang J, Zhu B Biophilic virtual reality on children's anxiety and pain during circumcision: A randomized controlled study. J Pediatr Urol. 2023 Apr;19(2):201-210. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2022.10.023. Epub 2022 Oct 20.
Suzan OK, Sahin OO, Baran O Effect of Puppet Show on Children's anxiety and pain levels during the circumcision operation: A randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Urol. 2020 Aug;16(4):490.e1-490.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.06.016. Epub 2020 Jun 20.
Yeniay D, Tamdo An L, Yucak Ozdemir A, Ak An LO, Kay R SU Effects of Videos and Therapeutic Music on Preoperative Anxiety and Postoperative Anxiety and Pain Levels in Boys Who Undergo Circumcision. J Perianesth Nurs. 2023 Dec;38(6):918-924. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2023.04.007. Epub 2023 Aug 16.
The Effect of Immersive Virtual Reality and Music on Anxiety, Fear, and Pain During Circumcision Surgery in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
