Anxiety — Home-Initiated Programme to Prepare for Operation (HIPPO) Study
Citation(s)
Burstein M, Ginsburg GS, Tein JY Parental anxiety and child symptomatology: an examination of additive and interactive effects of parent psychopathology. [corrected]. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2010 Oct;38(7):897-909. doi: 10.1007/s10802-010-9415-0. Erratum in: J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2010 Oct;38(7):895.
He HG, Zhu L, Li HC, Wang W, Vehviläinen-Julkunen K, Chan SW A randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of a therapeutic play intervention on outcomes of children undergoing inpatient elective surgery: study protocol. J Adv Nurs. 2014 Feb;70(2):431-42. doi: 10.1111/jan.12234. Epub 2013 Aug 29.
Jlala HA, French JL, Foxall GL, Hardman JG, Bedforth NM Effect of preoperative multimedia information on perioperative anxiety in patients undergoing procedures under regional anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 2010 Mar;104(3):369-74. doi: 10.1093/bja/aeq002. Epub 2010 Feb 1.
Li HC Evaluating the effectiveness of preoperative interventions: the appropriateness of using the Children's Emotional Manifestation Scale. J Clin Nurs. 2007 Oct;16(10):1919-26. Epub 2007 Jun 30.
"Prepare for Operation" Bundle for Young Children Undergoing Elective Surgery: Emotional Manifestation and Anxiety
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
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Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
